Dari bahan bacaan yang saya dapatkan jelas bahwa Avian Influenza Flu Burung yang marak di temukan di Dunia khususnya Indonesia dan Asia menjelaskan bahwa RACING PIGEON Merpati Pos bukan Pembawa atau Penular Flu Burung.
Begitu pula dengan meninggalnya seorang pemain merpati beberapa waktu yang lalu dinyatakan suspek Flu Burung di publikasikan disemua media namun sayangnya hanya kompas.com dan Metro new.com saja yang membahas hasil pemeriksaan darah adik Kakak tersebut yang dinyatakan bukan akibat H5N1 Flu Burung, begitu pula dengan sample darah dan kotoran 53 unggas yang diambil dari sekitar rumah tidak ada yang terkena H5N1 ini beberapa cuplikan yang saya dapatkan.
JAKARTA, KOMPAS.com - Dugaan kasus flu burung pada bocah laki-laki berusia tiga tahun berinisial RV yang merupakan warga Cengkareng, Jakarta Barat, ternyata tidak terbukti setelah hasil tes ketiganya keluar. Namun sayangnya, jiwa RV tidak tertolong dan telah dimakamkan pada Senin (23/1/2012) lalu.
Kepala Dinas Kesehatan DKI Jakarta, Dien Emmawati, mengatakan bahwa bocah cilik ini dirawat di Rumah Sakit Persahabatan sejak hari Jumat (20/1/2012). Di rumah sakit ini, ia sempat dua kali diambil sampel darahnya dan dinyatakan negatif terkena virus flu burung.
"Di rumah sakit itu, dirawat secara intensif. Tapi sekitar pukul 06.00, hari Senin, pasien tidak dapat bertahan," kata Dien ketika dihubungi wartawan, Rabu (25/1/2012).
RV memang menderita demam tinggi yang tak kunjung sembuh dan sempat dirawat di RS Hermina, Kalideres, selama sembilan hari. Setelah dua hari keluar dari rumah sakit, RV masih mengalami demam tinggi dan dibawa ke RS Royal Taruma, Grogol.
Lantaran demamnya tidak turun juga, RV dirujuk ke RS Persahabatan Jakarta Timur hingga akhirnya meninggal pada Senin (23/1/2012). Ia pun dipulangkan dengan menggunakan peti mati dan tidak boleh dibuka karena ditakutkan RV merupakan salah satu suspect flu burung.
"Jadi hasil tes ketiga itu harusnya keluar Senin. Namun karena libur, Selasa baru keluar. Untuk antisipasi, peti tersebut tidak boleh dibuka," jelas Dien. "Tapi ternyata hasil tes ketiga tersebut, negatif dan bebas flu burung," tegas Dien.
Metrotvnews.com, Jakarta:Hasil tes laboratorium salah satu suspek flu burung, ASR, dinyatakan negatif. Keponakan Puguh Dwi Yanto yang meninggal akibat terpapar flu burung itu dinyatakan tidak terinfeksi virus H5N1. Berdasarkan hasil laboratorium, tim dokter Rumah Sakit Persahabatan, memastikan ASR negatif flu burung.
Sebelumnya, ASR diduga terkena flu burung, karena ASR merupakan keponakan dari Puguh Dwi Yanto, yang beberapa hari lalu meninggal dunia karena terjangkit flu burung.
Awalnya anak berusia lima tahun itu memiliki gejala sama dengan Puguh. Selain itu, ASR juga melakukan kontak fisik dengan Puguh.
Setelah ASR dirawat di ruang isolasi RS Persahabatan sejak Sabtu lalu, rencananya malam ini ASR akan dipindahkan ke ruang perawatan anak untuk mendapatkan perawatan lebih lanjut.(RIZ)
Awalnya anak berusia lima tahun itu memiliki gejala sama dengan Puguh. Selain itu, ASR juga melakukan kontak fisik dengan Puguh.
Setelah ASR dirawat di ruang isolasi RS Persahabatan sejak Sabtu lalu, rencananya malam ini ASR akan dipindahkan ke ruang perawatan anak untuk mendapatkan perawatan lebih lanjut.(RIZ)
Ini Press realese dan hasil survey secara ilmiah yang dilakukan Austarlia, Amerika, Inggris, Jerman, Hong Kong mengenai Avian Influenza terhadap Racing Pigeon Merpati Pos
PRESS RELEASEConcerns raised by London Mayor Ken Livingstone about the risk of pigeons spreading avian influenza (AI) are totally exaggerated. Pigeons carry no more threat than any other variety of bird and are certainly less likely to be carriers of AI than the waterfowl in the London parks.
Considerable veterinary research has been conducted on the effects of AI on racing pigeons and vets have concluded that racing pigeons are resistant or minimally susceptible to infection of High Pathogenic AI or Low Pathogenic AI. (source: Perkins LE, Swayne DE and www.avian-influenza.com).
The Royal Pigeon Racing Association has been working closely with DEFRA to ensure that its members follow general licence conditions imposed by DEFRA on 21 December 2005. This will ensure that racing, showing and sales of racing pigeons can go ahead. Contrary to reports in the Daily Star on 21 February 2006 racing is not banned for 2006. Contingencies are in hand should an outbreak of AI be confirmed in Britain and Britain’s fanciers will act accordingly and appropriately.
Residents living near pigeon fanciers are asked to consider the scientific facts and not to listen to the scaremongering of public servants who clearly have an ulterior motive for their words. Racing pigeons carry little risk of transmitting or catching AI.
More Information/interviews from:
Peter Bryant, General Manager
Royal Pigeon Racing Association
Tel 01452 713529 Fax 01452 857119
E-mail gm@rpra.org
Avian Influenza strains in North American birds do not and cannot infect pigeons. This includes all North American combinations of II-types and N-types, especially H5N1, H5N2 and all the H7 types as well. This has been proved repeatedly experimentally in several laboratories; a few recent examples are referenced as follows:.
- B. Panigraphy. D.A. Senne, J.C. Pedersen, A.L. Shafer, J.E. Pearson, Susceptibility of Pigeons to Avian Influenza, Avian Diseases, Vol. 40. No. 3 (July-Sep.,1996) pp.600-604
- Laura E. Leigh Perkins, David E. Swayne, Pathogenicity of a Hong Kong-Origin H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus for Emus, Geese, Ducks and Pigeons, Avian Diseases, Vol. 46. No. 1 (.June-March, 2002), pp. 53-63
- L.E.L. Perkins. D.E. Swayne, Comparative Susceptibility of Selected Asian and Mammalian Species to a Hong Kong-Origin H5N1 High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus, Avian Diseases,. Vol. 47. Special Issue. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Avian Influenza (2003). pp. 956--967
Avian flu virus H5N1 and pigeons: the facts.
The following information was compiled by Brad Turner, a member of Australian Naptional Pigeon Association, the Queensland Pigeon Fanciers Society Inc (QPFS) and the Ipswich Pigeon Specialist Club Inc (IPSC).
Mr. Turner's contact information is available by request.
Avian flu:
There are thousands of different kinds of avian influenza (bird flu) viruses, including H5N1, which is known as a Type A virus.
Wild birds worldwide carry the viruses in their intestines, but usually do not get sick from them. However, bird flu is very contagious among birds and can make some domesticated birds, including chickens, ducks and turkeys, very sick and even kill them.
Bird flu viruses do not usually infect humans, but Type A viruses have been recovered from humans, pigs and horses, and occasionally from birds and other mammals. Humans more usually contract Type B or C viruses.
So far, the spread of H5N1 virus from person to person has been rare and the spread has not continued beyond one person. However, because all influenza viruses have the ability to change or mutate, scientists are concerned that the virus might one day be able to infect humans and spread easily from one person to another.
Because these viruses do not commonly infect humans, there is little or no immune protection against them in the human population. If the H5N1 virus was able to infect people and spread easily from person to person an influenza pandemic could begin.
Potential risks from pigeons:
In late 1992, antibodies to bird flu were found in blood samples from a commercial flock of turkeys in northeastern USA. Antibodies are protective substances that are produced by the body to defend against infection. Investigation showed that there was a possible association between this flock and live bird markets, and a virus designated H5N2 was isolated from birds in one location.
Public poultry markets, shows and exhibitions were quarantined and premises on which the virus was found were isolated and depopulated. Authorities in a number of US States banned pigeon racing.
A major survey and testing regime was undertaken among wild and free-flying domestic ducks and geese, wild or free-flying domestic birds closely associated with poultry farms, poultry manure or poultry carcasses, mice and rats found inside and around houses containing infected poultry and wild birds of any species reported sick or dead in the quarantine zone.
Included in this survey were 473 pigeons, 92.6 percent obtained from known infected farms, 81 pigeon feet (all from flu-affected premises) and seven mourning doves.
None of the 4132 samples was positive for the bird flu virus, nor were others taken from a further 433 pigeons in the quarantine zone. Experimental attempts to infect pigeons with this strain did not result in any growth of the virus in the birds, or result in the production of any antibodies.
Another study published in 1996 into the susceptibility of pigeons to avian flu found that groups of pigeons innoculated with two strains of deadly virus or two strains of a non-fatal virus remained healthy for the entire three-week trial period, nor did the birds shed the virus, or develop antibodies to the disease – further evidence that pigeons are not a factor in the spread of this disease.
Additionally, experimental work in 2001-2002 in Hong Kong showed that pigeons infected with H5N1 did not develop signs of the disease and did not have detectable changes to this disease in their tissues. The virus could not be re-isolated from swabs taken from the pigeons.
In summary, there is a very slight chance that if a pigeon returning from a race (or any wild bird) dropped into a poultry farm in which the chickens were infected, it could pick up the bird flu virus on its feet while walking among droppings and then, in theory, spread the disease by landing in another poultry farm.
However, as noted earlier, the feet of pigeons collected in the 1990s were examined for bird flu virus and all were found to be negative.
Avian Influenza - Update Winter 2005Sources for the previous information:Avian Influenza and Pigeons, by Dr Gordon A Chalmers, Alberta, Canada.US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (October 2005)
Dr Paul G. Miller PhD, DVM
Pennsylvania , USA.
"For the past few months, Avian Influenza has been in the news, and some of this news has had a negative impact on the pigeon fancy. This is an attempt to clarify and elaborate on some of that information, especially as it relates to pigeons.
The news media abound with fearful stories of some new and treacherous 'Bird Flu' that will 'kill us all', (more precisely 150 million) in the latest pandemic on the horizon, the worst since 1918. Ninety nine percent of this is hype, intended to raise money for the medical bureaucracy establishment and improve business for drug companies and vaccine companies. With West Nile fading fast over the horizon, the medical establishment needs a new poster child, a dreadful disease that will 'surely kill us all' if we don't continue to support their capricious demands.
Some aspects of the current situation do raise concern, but we are light years away from anything remotely resembling a pandemic. In Asia, over the past few years, there have been some cases of humans contracting Avian Influenza from birds; the earliest of any notoriety was in Hong Kong in 1997. This infection was a H5N1 type which did indeed prove fatal in a few humans, but which did not infect pigeons and couldn't be transmitted by pigeons. (The 'H' and 'N' numbers are a technical way of characterizing the Influenza virus used by scientists to distinguish one type of Influenza virus from another; obviously if the numbers are different in two separate outbreaks, so are the sources of infection).
As times have gone on from there, human infections of Avian Influenza have occasionally occurred in Asia; all of these have been in situations where there has been extremely close contact between humans and birds. In many of these cases, the birds were chickens living in the same house as the person infected, often in hygiene and sanitary conditions far below contemporary American standards of personal and household hygiene and sanitation. As these people became ill, they were often diagnosed and treated using local medical professionals and facilities which, in some cases, are not comparable to American medical standards. Under these conditions, the fatality rate of Avian Influenza in humans in Asia has been about 50%.
In most of this, the culprit has been H5N1 type Avian Influenza. This particular strain of the Influenza virus is carried in wild waterfowl and shorebirds. In the past, this virus has not caused disease in these birds, and, as these birds migrate, they act as a wild reservoir for the disease, spreading it along their migration flyways. Domestic birds which come into contact with the virus spread in this manner are likely to become infected, and many infected species are likely to develop disease. With the relatively primitive poultry husbandry practices used in many situations in Asia, domestic poultry can easily become infected through exposure in this manner.
Over the past few years, H5N1 itself has undergone some changes. Just as pigeons are subject to the laws of Genetics, so are viruses, and just as pigeon genes are subject to genetic mutations, so are viral genes subject to mutation. Influenza is an RNA virus, and such viruses tend to have a relatively high rate of mutation. Once a mutation has occurred, the persistence of that mutation is subject to the selection forces in the environment; a favorable pigeon mutation is selected for by the pigeon fancier to produce a winning flier or a show winner. An unfavorable mutation is selected against and culled. Viruses work similarly, but with environmental forces doing the selection: virulent viruses more effectively infect their host, and are spread more efficiently. Less virulent viruses are outnumbered and crowded out. Hence, without any opposition or control, a virus would naturally tend to build up mutations enhancing virulence and it would increase in virulence, propagating more effectively within its host, transmitting more efficiently to another susceptible host and, possibly, even expanding its host range. On the contrary, a situation in which the virus is not allowed to propagate widely would obviously not be favorable for any of this, and establishing a new viral mutation would be a very remote possibility.
This is exactly the situation with the H5N1 virus itself. The H5N1 virus is found world wide, both in North America and in Eurasia. Since the group of species of birds inhabiting North America is distinct from the group of species inhabiting Eurasia, these two groups of birds can be thought of as separate, distinct populations. Also there is very little contact between birds endemic to these two areas; thus, these two populations of birds (American and Eurasian) can be thought of as entirely distinct populations of birds, each with its own unique environment. Also, in each of these populations, the H5N1 virus experiences entirely different selective forces, and hence we have emerging two distinct strains of the H5N1 virus. Just as there are different strains of racing pigeons (e.g. Sions vs Jansens), there are emerging different strains of the H5N1 virus.
In particular, as we have seen above, in Asia, there has been very little effective control over the H5N1 situation, so it has propagated largely out of control, and hence become a distinct, more virulent strain of the H5N1 virus; thus the Eurasian strain of H5N1 has now been specifically named 'Asian H5N1 HPAI'. (The 'HPAI' stands for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza). The Asian H5N1 HPAI strain lives up to its name very well. It is pathogenic in its natural hosts (waterfowl and shore birds) and, can still infect humans, cause disease and even death. Unfortunately, it has also extended its host range to now include pigeons. This does not mean that pigeons have become its natural host, but it now can infect pigeons and cause disease in them. Pigeons are still insignificant players in the Eurasian H5N1 scene, but they are now in the host range.
In contrast to the Eurasian situation, the American H5N1 remains well controlled. It has never had the opportunity to become highly pathogenic, mainly because it has been stamped out or controlled where ever it has been found. For foreign trade as well as public health reasons, the United States and Canada have always aggressively stamped out or tightly controlled Avian Influenza (regardless of H and N types) whenever it occurred. In this environment, it has not had the opportunity to become highly pathogenic, hence the American H5N1 is termed LPAI, Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza. For this American H5N1 strain, the prior experimental results would indicate that pigeons are largely resistant. Notice that, as much as we dislike government intrusion into our lives, both state and the federal government play a major role in defining this environment, especially keeping Avian Influenza from getting out of hand as it has in Asia.
So where does this leave us ??? Obviously that depends upon the geographic location. In the United States and Canada, the situation is as it was before: the American H5N1 has low pathogenicity, and pigeons (and humans) don't get it. That doesn't mean that we can become complacent and forget about Avian Influenza; we still need to be very vigilant and make sure that all Avian Influenza is well controlled so that we don't get into the situation we have in Asia. In particular, let me reiterate a few precautionary principles.
Public advised to anticipate a new virus attack that is formed from the combination of two genetic swine flu virus (H1N1) and avian influenza (H5N1) with transmission rates and very high mortality.
Demikian bahan bacaan yang mudah mudahan dapat memperjelas situasi sebenarnya bahwa MERPATI POS bukanlah pembawa atau perantara FLU BURUNG khususnya H5N1.
Wassalam,
HansHanibal
